Image Sensing: The light hits an image sensor—typically a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) sensor. This sensor is a grid of millions of light-sensitive pixels that convert photons into electrical signals.
Processing: A built-in Digital Signal Processor (DSP) compresses this raw data into a digital format (like MJPEG or H.264).
Transmission: The compressed data is sent via USB or Wi-Fi to your computer, where software (like Zoom or Teams) decodes it for display.
Sensor Size: Laptop lids are too thin to hold high-quality sensors, resulting in grainy, "noisy" video in low light
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